石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)主(zhu)要成分碳酸鈣（CaCO3）。石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)和石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)大量用于建筑材料、工業原料。石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)直接加工成石(shi)料和燒(shao)制成生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)吸潮或(huo)加水就成為(wei)熟(shu)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)，主(zhu)要成分是Ca(OH)2，可以稱之為(wei)氫氧化鈣，熟(shu)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配成石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)膏等，用作涂裝材料和磚瓦粘合(he)劑(ji)。
應用
碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產玻璃的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)量用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)建筑(zhu)材(cai)料，也(ye)是許多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)重要(yao)原(yuan)料。碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料和(he)(he)燒制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分是CaO，一般(ban)呈塊(kuai)狀，純(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)為白色(se)，含有(you)雜質時為淡灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)或淡黃色(se)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸(xi)潮(chao)或加(jia)水(shui)就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)叫熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，它的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分是Ca(OH)2。熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配(pei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)砂(sha)(sha)漿等(deng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)涂裝材(cai)料和(he)(he)磚瓦(wa)粘合(he)劑(ji)。水(shui)泥是由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)粘土等(deng)混合(he)，經(jing)高溫煅燒制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)。玻璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)、純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)（碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉）等(deng)混合(he)，經(jing)高溫熔(rong)融制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)。煉鐵用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)熔(rong)劑(ji)，除(chu)去脈石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。煉鋼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)做(zuo)造渣材(cai)料，除(chu)去硫、磷等(deng)有(you)害雜質。電(dian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分是CaC2）是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與焦碳在(zai)電(dian)爐里反(fan)應制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)。純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨等(deng)原(yuan)料經(jing)過多(duo)步(bu)反(fan)應制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)（索爾維法）。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)純(chun)(chun)堿(jian)(jian)反(fan)應制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燒堿(jian)(jian)（苛(ke)化(hua)法）。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)凈的(de)(de)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)氯氣反(fan)應制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)漂白的(de)(de)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)化(hua)學加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氯化(hua)鈣(gai)、硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)、亞(ya)硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)等(deng)重要(yao)鈣(gai)鹽。消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)能除(chu)去水(shui)的(de)(de)暫時硬性，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)硬水(shui)軟化(hua)劑(ji)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燒加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)較純(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)粉狀碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣(gai)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)做(zuo)橡(xiang)膠、塑料、紙張、牙膏、化(hua)妝品等(deng)的(de)(de)填充料。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與燒堿(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)堿(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)二氧化(hua)碳的(de)(de)吸(xi)收劑(ji)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)干燥(zao)劑(ji)和(he)(he)消(xiao)毒劑(ji)。農業上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)硫黃合(he)劑(ji)、波爾多(duo)液等(deng)農藥。土壤中(zhong)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)可(ke)中(zhong)和(he)(he)土壤的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性、改善土壤的(de)(de)結構、供給植物(wu)所需的(de)(de)鈣(gai)素。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿刷樹(shu)干，可(ke)保護樹(shu)木。
單飛粉：用于生產(chan)無水氯化鈣，是(shi)重(zhong)鉻酸鈉(na)生產(chan)的輔助原料。玻璃及水泥生產(chan)的主要原料。此外(wai)，也用于建筑材料和家禽飼料等。
雙飛粉：是生產無水氯化鈣和玻(bo)璃(li)等(deng)的原料、橡膠和油漆的白色填料，以及建筑材(cai)料等(deng)。
三飛粉：用作塑料(liao)、涂(tu)料(liao)膩(ni)子、涂(tu)料(liao)、膠(jiao)合板及(ji)油漆(qi)的填料(liao)。
四飛(fei)粉：用作電線絕(jue)緣層(ceng)之(zhi)填(tian)料、橡膠模(mo)壓制品以及瀝(li)青制油氈之(zhi)填(tian)料。
碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)是重要的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料。潔白純凈的(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)巖石(shi)(shi)叫做漢白玉，可直(zhi)接用來做裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)的(de)石(shi)(shi)柱或(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)品;因含雜質(zhi)而有美麗花(hua)紋(wen)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)叫做大理石(shi)(shi)，用來做建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)外墻(qiang)和內(nei)壁的(de)貼面(mian)或(huo)(huo)鋪設地(di)面(mian)；質(zhi)地(di)致密的(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)(gai)巖石(shi)(shi)（石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)）也(ye)可直(zhi)接用于建(jian)(jian)房(fang)，但石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)的(de)主(zhu)要用途是生(sheng)產水泥(ni)。將含CaCO3在(zai)90%以上的(de)白石(shi)(shi)用雷蒙(meng)磨或(huo)(huo)其(qi)它高壓磨經(jing)粉(fen)碎、分級(ji)、分離，而制得(de)的(de)成品。